How Sleep Loss Affects Metabolism in Healthy Adults: A Review and Combined Analysis of Controlled Studies

Sleep restriction resulted in a significant increase in subjective hunger on a 100 mm scale, with a mean difference of 13.4.

• Participants consumed 252.8 more kcal/d under sleep restriction compared to normal sleep.
• Partial sleep restriction was associated with a weight gain of 0.34 kg.
• Insulin sensitivity decreased significantly with sleep restriction.
• Changes in brain activity related to food stimuli were observed under sleep restriction, particularly in areas linked to cognitive control and reward.
• No strong evidence was found for significant impacts of sleep restriction on mean leptin or ghrelin levels or energy expenditure.

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