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Abstract
Mammalian retinas contain three specialized photoreceptors, including intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) that respond directly to light.
- ipRGCs express the photopigment melanopsin, which enhances light detection capabilities in various environments.
- Melanopsin photoreception is optimized for detecting low-frequency light changes, expanding the sensitivity range of the retina.
- ipRGCs connect to multiple brain regions, enabling diverse functions such as regulating the circadian clock and influencing mood.
- Research methods have advanced the understanding of melanopsin's role in different physiological processes at a whole animal level.
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