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The associations among type D personality and nomophobia, metacognitions about smartphone use, smartphone addiction in Chinese university freshmen: a two-wave study
Links between negative personality, fear of being without a phone, thoughts about smartphone use, and smartphone addiction in Chinese university freshmen over time
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Abstract
is significantly correlated with smartphone addiction among 653 university freshmen.
- Type D personality is associated with higher levels of and negative thoughts about smartphone use.
- Individuals with Type D personality score higher on smartphone addiction compared to those without it.
- Nomophobia and negative fully mediate the relationship between Type D personality and smartphone addiction.
- Positive metacognition does not significantly mediate the relationship between Type D personality and smartphone addiction.
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Key numbers
3.37
Higher smartphone addiction score
Average score for group on smartphone addiction scale
4.17
Higher score
Average score for group on scale
11.64%
Attrition rate
Percentage of participants lost between the first and second measurement