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Abstract
mRNA vaccines face significant stability challenges that limit their effective use.
- Molecular degradation, cold-chain requirements, and limited shelf life are key factors affecting mRNA vaccine stability.
- Vulnerabilities at the molecular level include sites prone to breakdown and sensitivity to enzymes that degrade RNA.
- The stability of lipid nanoparticles used for mRNA delivery is influenced by their structure and composition.
- Environmental factors such as temperature, acidity, and the presence of degrading enzymes also affect vaccine stability.
- Innovative strategies to enhance stability include molecular modifications of mRNA and advanced designs for lipid nanoparticles.
- Techniques like freeze-drying may allow storage at room temperature, potentially increasing vaccine accessibility.
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