Trait impulsivity as an endophenotype for bipolar I disorder

Jul 19, 2012Bipolar disorders

Impulsive behavior as a inherited trait linked to bipolar I disorder

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Abstract

Individuals with bipolar I disorder had significantly elevated total scores on the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale compared to healthy comparison subjects (p < 0.0001).

Bipolar I disorder patients scored higher on all subscales of impulsivity: attentional, motor, and non-planning.
Unaffected siblings of individuals with bipolar disorder also showed elevated impulsivity scores compared to unrelated healthy controls.
Total impulsivity scores were negatively associated with global assessment of functioning, indicating worse psychosocial outcomes.
Familial risk for bipolar disorder may influence impulsivity traits, suggesting a potential endophenotype for the condition.

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OBJECTIVE: Impulsivity, conceptualized as impairment in planning and poor attentional and inhibitory control, is a key feature of bipolar disorder. Familial risk for bipolar disorder is known to affect inhibitory control but its impact on the attentional and planning dimensions of impulsivity is still unclear.

METHODS: We administered the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, version 11 (BIS-11) to 54 euthymic individuals with DSM-IV bipolar I disorder, 57 of their clinically unaffected siblings, and 49 healthy comparison subjects. Groups were compared on the attentional (rapid shifts in attention/impatience with complexity), motor (acting impetuously), and non-planning (absence of weighing upon long-term consequences of actions) subscales of the BIS-11, and on total BIS-11 score. To investigate functional implications of trait impulsivity, total BIS-11 score was examined in relation to current psychosocial functioning and criminal history.

RESULTS: Individuals with bipolar I disorder had elevated scores compared to healthy comparison subjects on BIS-11 total score and all three subscales (p < 0.0001). Unaffected siblings had elevated BIS-11 total score (p = 0.0037), motor (p = 0.0027), and non-planning (p = 0.0379) subscales in comparison to unrelated healthy controls. Total BIS-11 score was negatively associated with global assessment of functioning (GAF) score (β = -0.32, p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that impulsivity is sensitive to familial liability for the illness, making it a potential endophenotype for bipolar disorder.

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Trait impulsivity as an endophenotype for bipolar I disorder

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