Trait impulsivity and increased pre-attentional sensitivity to intense stimuli in bipolar disorder and controls

Dec 3, 2014Journal of psychiatric research

Impulsivity and early sensitivity to strong stimuli in people with bipolar disorder and others

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Abstract

Seventy-six subjects were assessed for impulsivity-related traits and their relationship with auditory evoked potentials.

Bipolar disorder participants showed positive correlations between impulsivity scores and the intensity-sensitivity slopes of auditory evoked potentials.
Correlations were observed specifically for pre-attentional N1 and P1N1 responses in bipolar disorder, but not in healthy controls.
No correlations were found between intensity-sensitivity slopes and rapid-response impulsivity.
Certain impulsivity traits, such as motor and attentional impulsivity, are linked to stimulus-driven responses in bipolar disorder.
The study suggests that impulsivity in bipolar disorder may be associated with heightened reactions to intense stimuli prior to conscious awareness.

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Impulsivity and sensation seeking are stimulus-oriented traits. Because they differ in degree of intention and planning, they may have distinct neurophysiological mechanisms. Impulsivity is prominent in bipolar disorder, and may be related to pre-attentional information filtering and stimulus-orientation. We investigated specificity of relationships between impulsivity and sensitivity to stimulus intensity in bipolar disorder and controls, using intensity-sensitivity of auditory evoked potentials. Seventy-six subjects (37 healthy controls, 39 with bipolar disorder) were administered an intensity-sensitivity paradigm. Additional measures included Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and Eysenck Impulsivity and Venturesomeness scores. State-dependent rapid-response impulsivity was measured using the Immediate Memory Task. Intensity-sensitivities of the auditory evoked P1N1, N1P2, P1, N1, and P2 potentials were assessed as the slope of amplitude relative to loudness. Analyses used general linear models (GLM) with impulsivity-related measures as dependent variables and age, gender, education, and diagnosis as dependent variables. BIS-11 total, motor, and attentional impulsivity scores correlated positively with pre-attentional N1 and P1N1 intensity-sensitivity slopes in bipolar disorder, but not in controls. BIS-11 nonplanning and Eysenck Venturesomeness scores did not correlate with intensity-sensitivity. Intensity-sensitivity slopes did not correlate with rapid-response impulsivity. Correlations between N1 or P1N1 slopes and BIS-11 scores in bipolar disorder were not affected by age, education, WAIS, treatment, symptoms, or gender. Trait impulsivity in bipolar disorder may be related to poorly modulated stimulus-driven late pre-attentional responses to stimuli, potentially resulting in exaggerated responses to intense stimuli even before conscious awareness. Components of trait impulsivity are physiologically heterogenous relative to intensity-sensitivity.

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Trait impulsivity and increased pre-attentional sensitivity to intense stimuli in bipolar disorder and controls

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