Journal of psychiatric researchOct 22, 2020

Unusual communication between the brain's internal clock and hearing areas links a RORA gene variant to daily mood changes in major depression

Circadian Biology Weekly Brief ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Updated Mar 28, 2026

Abstract

A total of 208 patients with major depressive disorder showed significant associations between the RORA gene polymorphism rs72752802 and diurnal mood variation symptoms.

C allele carriers of the RORA rs72752802 polymorphism exhibited significantly decreased functional connectivity between the right suprachiasmatic nucleus and right superior temporal gyrus.
This decreased connectivity was correlated with the severity of diurnal mood variation symptoms in patients.
The influence of the rs72752802 SNP on diurnal mood variation symptoms may occur through intermediary effects of the identified connectivity.
The findings suggest a potential genetic and neurological basis for understanding diurnal mood variation in depressed patients.

Simplified

Diurnal mood variation (DMV), a common symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD), is associated with circadian related genes and dysregulation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Previous research confirmed that the RORA gene is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms. In this study, we hypothesized that polymorphisms of RORA may affect DMV symptoms of MDD through functional changes in the SCN. A total of 208 patients diagnosed with depression and 120 control subjects were enrolled and underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Blood samples were collected and genotyping of 9 RORA gene SNPs were performed using next-generation sequencing technology. Patients were categorized as an AA genotype or C allele carriers based on RORA rs72752802 polymorphism. SCN-seed functional connectivity (FC) was compared between the two groups and correlation with severity of DMV was analyzed. Finally, a mediation analysis was performed to further determine FC intermediary effects. We observed that rs72752802 was significantly associated with patients' DMV symptoms. C allele carriers of rs72752802 showed significantly decreased FC between the right SCN and right superior temporal gyrus (rSTG). This was also correlated with DMV symptoms. In addition, the rs72752802 SNP influenced DMV symptoms through intermediary effects of SCN-rSTG connectivity. The study presented here provides a neurological and genetic basis for understanding depressed patients experiencing DMV.

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Unusual communication between the brain's internal clock and hearing areas links a RORA gene variant to daily mood changes in major depression

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