The acute effects of time-of-day-dependent high fat feeding on whole body metabolic flexibility in mice

May 3, 2016International journal of obesity (2005)

How eating a high-fat meal at different times of day quickly affects metabolism flexibility in mice

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Abstract

Mice consuming a very high fat diet early in their waking cycle had a 13.2% higher caloric intake from fat compared to those fed at a later time.

Feeding time and fat content of the diet may affect substrate metabolism in mice.
Mice in the early very high fat or high fat groups had lower daily average respiratory exchange ratios.
No significant changes in glucose tolerance, body fat composition, or weight were observed after 9 days of restricted feeding.
Disruption of the adipocyte circadian clock did not alter the metabolic response to different feeding times.

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BACKGROUND: Both circadian disruption and timing of feeding have important roles in the development of metabolic disease. Despite growing acceptance that the timing of food consumption has long-term impact on metabolic homeostasis, little is known regarding the immediate influence on whole body metabolism, or the mechanisms involved. We aimed to examine the acute effects of time-of-day-dependent high fat feeding on whole body substrate metabolism and metabolic plasticity, and to determine the potential contribution of the adipocyte circadian clock.

METHODS: Mice were fed a regimen of 4-h meal at the beginning and end of the dark (waking) cycle, separated by 4 h of fasting. Daily experimental conditions consisted of either an early very high fat or high fat (EVHF or EHF, 60 or 45% kcals from fat, respectively) or late (LVHF or LHF) meal, paired with a low fat (LF, 10% kcals from fat) meal. Metabolic parameters, glucose tolerance, body fat composition and weight were assessed. To determine the role of the adipocyte circadian clock, an aP2-CLOCK mutant (ACM) mouse model was used.

RESULTS: Mice in the EVHF or EHF groups showed a 13.2 or 8.84 higher percentage of caloric intake from fat and had a 0.013 or 0.026 lower daily average respiratory exchange ratio, respectively, compared with mice eating the opposite feeding regime. Changes in glucose tolerance, body fat composition and weight were not significant at the end of the 9-day restricted feeding period. ACM mice did not exhibit different metabolic responses to the feeding regimes compared with wild-type littermates. Circadian clock disruption did not influence the short-term response to timed feeding.

CONCLUSIONS: Both the total fat composition of diet and the timing of fat intake may differentially mediate the effect of timed feeding on substrate metabolism, but may not induce acute changes in metabolic flexibility.

Key numbers

13.2%

Higher Fat Intake Percentage

Percentage of caloric intake from fat in EVHF group.

0.848

Lower Respiratory Exchange Ratio

Average daily RER value for EVHF mice.

10.57 kcal/day

Higher Energy Expenditure

Daily energy expenditure for LVHF mice.

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The acute effects of time-of-day-dependent high fat feeding on whole body metabolic flexibility in mice

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