Journal of health, population, and nutritionJul 24, 2025

Body shape linked to daily body clock disorders: a study of US health data from 2009 to 2018

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Updated Mar 25, 2026

Abstract

In a study of 8,024 adults, 2,634 were found to have (CircS).

(BRI) is positively associated with the prevalence of CircS.
The odds of having CircS increase by a factor of 2.821 for higher BRI levels.
Categorizing BRI into quartiles shows that higher BRI correlates with higher CircS prevalence compared to the lowest quartile.
A threshold value of BRI at 5.91 indicates significant increases in CircS prevalence with increases in BRI.
Each one-unit increase in BRI below the threshold elevates the prevalence of CircS by a factor of 2.681.
Subgroup analyses suggest the positive association between BRI and CircS is consistent across different populations.

Simplified

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a significant manifestation of (CircS), and the (BRI) is one of the anthropometric indicators associated with obesity. However, it remains unclear whether BRI is linked to the risk of CircS.

METHODS: In this population-based cross-sectional study, data from adults aged ≥ 20 years from the 2009-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between BRI and CircS after adjusting for various covariates. To further explore the trend of association between different BRI levels and CircS, BRI was categorized into four classes to enhance the robustness of the results. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was utilized to illustrate the dose-response relationship between BRI and CircS. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed to assess the consistency and stability of the study results.

RESULTS: This study included 8,024 participants aged 20 years and older, of whom 2,634 had CircS. In fully adjusted models, BRI was positively associated with the prevalence of CircS (OR = 2.821, 95% CI: 2.038-3.768). When BRI was transformed from a continuous to a categorical variable, higher levels of BRI were correlated with a higher prevalence of CircS compared to the lowest quartile of BRI. RCS analyses demonstrated a positive association between BRI and CircS prevalence, with threshold effect analyses identifying a threshold value of BRI at 5.91. To the left of this threshold, each one-unit increase in BRI elevated the prevalence of CircS by a factor of 2.681 (OR = 2.681, 95% CI: 2.524-2.851). Stratified factorial subgroup analyses indicated that the positive association between BRI and CircS persisted.

CONCLUSION: The findings of our cross-sectional study indicate a significant positive correlation between elevated BRI and increased prevalence of CircS.

Key numbers

2.821

Odds Ratio for

Odds ratio from fully adjusted models for and .

5.91

Threshold Value

Threshold value for below which risk increases markedly.

2.681

Increased Risk Factor

Odds ratio for below 5.91 in relation to .

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Body shape linked to daily body clock disorders: a study of US health data from 2009 to 2018

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