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Effects of carbohydrate dose and frequency on metabolism, gastrointestinal discomfort, and cross‐country skiing performance
How carbohydrate amount and timing affect metabolism, stomach comfort, and cross-country skiing performance
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Abstract
Ten participants completed four 30-km roller skiing trials with varying carbohydrate ingestion rates and frequencies.
- Low-frequency carbohydrate ingestion led to elevated blood glucose levels at 4 and 19 km but reduced levels at 14 and 29 km compared to high-frequency strategies.
- Higher gastrointestinal discomfort was reported in high carbohydrate intake with low frequency compared to all other trials.
- Low-frequency trials showed lower whole-body lipid oxidation and higher carbohydrate oxidation compared to high-frequency trials.
- Overall performance time did not significantly differ across trials, although it improved with trial order.
- No significant effects were observed from the order of trials on any other measured variables.
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