Effect of graded fructose coingestion with maltodextrin on exogenous ¹⁴C-fructose and ¹³C-glucose oxidation efficiency and high-intensity cycling performance

Mar 29, 2008Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

How Increasing Fructose with Maltodextrin Affects Sugar Use and High-Intensity Cycling Performance

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Abstract

Mean exogenous-fructose oxidation rates were highest at 0.36 g/min for a fructose intake of 0.7 g/min.

Carbohydrate solutions with multiple sugars lead to greater absorption compared to single-carbohydrate solutions.
Exogenous-glucose oxidation peaked at 0.57 g/min with a medium fructose intake, showing 98% efficiency.
A substantial 16% increase in glucose oxidation was observed with medium fructose compared to no fructose.
Total carbohydrate oxidation was highest at 0.84 g/min with medium fructose intake.
Higher fructose intake was associated with lower perceptions of muscle tiredness and physical exertion, potentially mitigating fatigue.

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The ingestion of solutions containing carbohydrates with different intestinal transport mechanisms (e.g., fructose and glucose) produce greater carbohydrate and water absorption compared with single-carbohydrate solutions. However, the fructose-ingestion rate that results in the most efficient use of exogenous carbohydrate when glucose is ingested below absorption-oxidation saturation rates is unknown. Ten cyclists rode 2 h at 50% of peak power then performed 10 maximal sprints while ingesting solutions containing (13)C-maltodextrin at 0.6 g/min combined with (14)C-fructose at 0.0 (No-Fructose), 0.3 (Low-Fructose), 0.5 (Medium-Fructose), or 0.7 (High-Fructose) g/min, giving fructose:maltodextrin ratios of 0.5, 0. 8, and 1.2. Mean (percent coefficient of variation) exogenous-fructose oxidation rates during the 2-h rides were 0.18 (19), 0.27 (27), 0.36 (27) g/min in Low-Fructose, Medium-Fructose, and High-Fructose, respectively, with oxidation efficiencies (=oxidation/ingestion rate) of 62-52%. Exogenous-glucose oxidation was highest in Medium-Fructose at 0.57 (28) g/min (98% efficiency) compared with 0.54 (28), 0.48 (29), and 0.49 (19) in Low-Fructose, High-Fructose, No-Fructose, respectively; relative to No-Fructose, only the substantial 16% increase (95% confidence limits +/-16%) in Medium-Fructose was clear. Total exogenous-carbohydrate oxidation was highest in Medium-Fructose at 0.84 (26) g/min. Although the effect of fructose quantity on overall sprint power was unclear, the metabolic responses were associated with lower perceptions of muscle tiredness and physical exertion, and attenuated fatigue (power slope) in the Medium-Fructose and High-Fructose conditions. With the present solutions, low-medium fructose-ingestion rates produced the most efficient use of exogenous carbohydrate, but fatigue and the perception of exercise stress and nausea are reduced with moderate-high fructose doses.

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Effect of graded fructose coingestion with maltodextrin on exogenous ¹⁴C-fructose and ¹³C-glucose oxidation efficiency and high-intensity cycling performance

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