Chrononutrition in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: A narrative review

Feb 16, 2024Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews

Timing of Eating and Its Link to Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity

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Circadian Biology on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Abstract

Chrononutrition, which tracks our biological clock, is associated with metabolic health and well-being.

The timing of food intake may significantly impact metabolic health and well-being.
Meal timing and frequency are linked to conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Eating late at night could lead to circadian misalignment, negatively affecting weight control and glucose metabolism.
Skipping breakfast may have a strong association with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

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Chrononutrition is a nutritional regimen that follows our biological clock, marked by the changes in metabolism that occur during the day. This regimen includes the distribution of energy, the regularity and frequency of meals, and the importance of these factors for metabolic health. A growing body of animal and human evidence indicates that the timing of food intake throughout the day can have a significant and beneficial impact on the metabolic health and well-being of individuals. In particular, both the timing and frequency of meals have been associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, and other chronic conditions. Today's busy lifestyle makes many people skip breakfast and eat late at night. Eating late at night has been shown to cause a circadian misalignment, with the latter having a negative impact on weight control and glucose metabolism. Additionally, some studies have found a relatively strong association between skipping breakfast and insulin resistance, and T2DM. Against the backdrop of escalating obesity and T2DM rates, coupled with the recognized influence of food timing on disease evolution and control, this review aimed to synthesize insights from epidemiological and intervention studies of the interplay of timing of food intake and macronutrient consumption, reporting their impact on obesity and T2DM.

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Chrononutrition in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: A narrative review

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