The linkage between chronotype, social jetlag, and responses to sleep inertia

Apr 14, 2025Scientific reports

How Sleep Timing, Social Jetlag, and Morning Grogginess Are Connected

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Circadian Biology on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗OA ↗

Abstract

A total of 231 participants were examined for the relationship between and .

Individuals with greater eveningness reported higher levels of social jetlag.
A minimal correlation was found between social jetlag and sleep inertia.
Social jetlag did not mediate the relationship between eveningness and sleep inertia.
Controlling for sex revealed social jetlag partially mediated the relationship between and behavioral responses to sleep inertia.
Evening chronotype is associated with increased behavioral responses indicative of sleep inertia.

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This research explores the interplay between , (SI), and (SJL), examining whether an interaction between chronotype and SJL increases susceptibility to SI in individuals with an evening chronotype, due to their more pronounced SJL. However, a minimal correlation between SJL and SI was observed. The study included 231 participants, all of whom completed a series of questionnaires, including the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ), and the Sleep Inertia Questionnaire (SIQ). Our findings indicated that individuals showing greater eveningness exhibited higher levels of SJL. While there was no significant correlation between SJL and SI, and SJL did not mediate the relationship between eveningness and SI, controlling for sex revealed that SJL partially mediated the relationship between chronotype and the Responses to Sleep Inertia, one subscale of SIQ. This suggests that individuals with an evening chronotype are more likely to exhibit behavioral responses indicative of sleep inertia. The findings underscore the complexity of the relationships between chronotype, SJL, and SI, suggesting that SJL does not act as a mediator between chronotype and SI, except for the small mediation effect on behavioral responses. This research provides a foundation for future investigations into the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying SI and how other lifestyle factors influence SI.

Key numbers

1.54±1.64 hours

Average

Mean reported by participants in the study.

0.081

Correlation Coefficient for and

Correlation between and overall scores.

5.2% (= 12)

Percentage of Evening Types

Count of participants categorized as definitely evening type.

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The linkage between chronotype, social jetlag, and responses to sleep inertia

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