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Rhythmic expression of circadian clock genes in human leukocytes and beard hair follicle cells.
Daily rhythms of internal clock genes in human blood and facial hair cells
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Abstract
All 13 healthy male subjects showed daily rhythms in melatonin and cortisol secretion.
- Significant circadian rhythms were observed for PER1 in 9 subjects, PER2 in 3 subjects, PER3 in all 13 subjects, and BMAL1 in 8 subjects in leukocytes.
- In beard hair follicle cells, PER1 had significant rhythmicity in 5 of 8 subjects, PER2 in 2 subjects, PER3 in 6 subjects, and BMAL1 in 3 subjects.
- The timing of PER1 and PER3 rhythms in leukocytes significantly correlated with physiological rhythms.
- Leukocytes and beard hair follicle cells may have their own internal circadian clock.
- PER1 and PER3 expression could serve as useful biomarkers for evaluating individual biological clock traits.
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