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Abstract
Circadian rhythm disruption is implicated as a core mechanism in anxiety and depressive disorders, rather than just a symptom.
- Sleep disturbances are traditionally viewed as secondary symptoms of anxiety and depression but may be fundamentally linked to circadian rhythm disruption.
- Five key pathways are examined: the SCN-limbic circuit, HPA axis, immune inflammation, neurotransmitter plasticity, and the gut-brain axis.
- Actionable subtypes of circadian disruption are defined, providing a framework for understanding different manifestations of these disorders.
- Chronotherapies, such as light therapy and melatonin, are summarized as potential interventions for addressing circadian disruptions.
- Current controversies regarding the causality between circadian disruption and emotional/sleep abnormalities are analyzed.
- Future research directions include the use of multi-omics sampling and the development of personalized intervention algorithms.
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