Model integration of circadian- and sleep-wake-driven contributions to rhythmic gene expression reveals distinct regulatory principles

Sleep-wake-driven factors may have a greater influence on gene expression in the cortex than circadian factors.

• A driven, damped harmonic oscillator model was used to analyze gene expression influenced by circadian and sleep-wake processes.
• The model effectively represented gene expression dynamics in mouse and human cortex, liver, and blood under various conditions.
• In the cortex, sleep-wake influences were found to dominate over circadian influences, while the reverse was true for the liver and blood.
• Sleep deprivation caused significant long-lasting desynchronization in gene expression across different tissues.
• Recovery sleep was associated with contributing to these enduring changes in gene expression dynamics.

AI simplified