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Abstract
The complex tumor microenvironment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) presents multiple barriers to effective treatment.
- Key challenges in the GBM tumor microenvironment include hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and immunosuppression.
- Structural barriers such as increased interstitial fluid pressure and the blood-brain barrier limit the efficacy of therapies.
- Innovative methods to improve therapeutic delivery involve advanced formulation strategies and precise targeting mechanisms.
- Emerging technologies, including 3D-printed models and AI techniques, could address the barriers associated with the GBM tumor microenvironment.
- Combining these novel approaches may enhance the specificity and efficacy of therapies for GBM.
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