Genetic associations between sleep traits and cognitive ageing outcomes in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Dec 9, 2022EBioMedicine

Links between genes for sleep patterns and thinking skills as people age in Hispanic/Latino adults

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Abstract

Higher Polygenic Risk Scores for insomnia are associated with lower global cognitive function and a 20% increased risk of mild cognitive impairment.

Increased Polygenic Risk Scores for daytime sleepiness are linked to a 14% higher risk of mild cognitive impairment.
Short and normal sleepers with higher genetic risk for sleep duration may have reduced mild cognitive impairment risk.
Long sleepers with higher genetic risk for sleep duration exhibit a 40% increased risk of mild cognitive impairment and reduced global cognitive function.
Adjustment for measured sleep traits and the APOE-ε4 allele has limited impact on the associations between sleep traits and cognitive outcomes.

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BACKGROUND: Sleep phenotypes have been reported to be associated with cognitive ageing outcomes. However, there is limited research using genetic variants as proxies for sleep traits to study their associations. We estimated associations between Polygenic Risk Scores (PRSs) for sleep duration, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and measures of cogntive ageing in Hispanic/Latino adults.

METHODS: We used summary statistics from published genome-wide association studies to construct PRSs representing the genetic basis of each sleep trait, then we studied the association of the PRSs of the sleep phenotypes with cognitive outcomes in the Hispanic Community Healthy Study/Study of Latinos. The primary model adjusted for age, sex, study centre, and measures of genetic ancestry. Associations are highlighted if their p-value <0.05.

FINDINGS: Higher PRS for insomnia was associated with lower global cognitive function and higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (OR = 1.20, 95% CI [1.06, 1.36]). Higher PRS for daytime sleepiness was also associated with increased MCI risk (OR = 1.14, 95% CI [1.02, 1.28]). Sleep duration PRS was associated with reduced MCI risk among short and normal sleepers, while among long sleepers it was associated with reduced global cognitive function and with increased MCI risk (OR = 1.40, 95% CI [1.10, 1.78]). Furthermore, adjustment of analyses for the measured sleep phenotypes and APOE-ε4 allele had minor effects on the PRS associations with the cognitive outcomes.

INTERPRETATION: Genetic measures underlying insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and sleep duration are associated with MCI risk. Genetic and self-reported sleep duration interact in their effect on MCI.

FUNDING: Described in Acknowledgments.

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Genetic associations between sleep traits and cognitive ageing outcomes in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

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