GLP-1 receptor agonists and sarcopenia: Weight loss at a cost? A brief narrative review

Treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) may lead to significant reductions in muscle mass.

• GLP-1 RAs and dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists are commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes and obesity.
• Evidence suggests that these therapies are associated with muscle mass loss, potentially leading to sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity.
• Some studies indicate that GLP-1 RAs can reduce lean mass and increase the risk of developing sarcopenia.
• Preclinical findings suggest that GLP-1 based therapies may help reduce muscle wasting, improve muscle function, and support mitochondrial health.
• Limited clinical data point to a possible role of these therapies in preserving muscle mass under specific conditions.
• Management strategies, including optimized diet and targeted exercise, along with novel pharmacological interventions, may help preserve muscle mass.

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