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Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are associated with several serious adverse events, including thyroid cancer and acute pancreatitis.
- Evidence suggests gallbladder and biliary disease has a consistent causal link with GLP-1 receptor agonists.
- Worsening diabetic retinopathy may occur following rapid glycaemic improvement in patients with existing retinopathy.
- Causality for thyroid cancer, non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION), suicidal behaviour and self-harm, acute pancreatitis, and intestinal obstruction remains uncertain.
- Rare adverse events may lead to small absolute risk increases in wide populations, but could be more relevant for patients with high baseline risk.
- Treatment decisions should weigh the strength of safety evidence, individual patient risk, and potential benefits.
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