Glucoraphanin Ameliorates Obesity and Insulin Resistance Through Adipose Tissue Browning and Reduction of Metabolic Endotoxemia in Mice

Feb 18, 2017Diabetes

Glucoraphanin reduces obesity and insulin resistance by turning fat into calorie-burning tissue and lowering harmful gut-related toxins in mice

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Abstract

Glucoraphanin supplementation in high-fat diet-fed mice led to attenuated weight gain and improved insulin sensitivity.

Weight gain was reduced in high-fat diet-fed mice receiving glucoraphanin compared to controls.
Glucoraphanin treatment resulted in decreased liver fat accumulation and enhanced glucose tolerance.
The beneficial effects of glucoraphanin were not observed in mice lacking the Nrf2 protein.
Lower plasma levels of lipopolysaccharides were found in glucoraphanin-treated mice, indicating reduced metabolic endotoxemia.
Changes in gut microbiome composition included a decrease in the abundance of the Desulfovibrionaceae family.
Glucoraphanin increased energy expenditure and expression of a protein associated with fat burning in specific fat tissues.

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Low-grade sustained inflammation links obesity to insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, therapeutic approaches to improve systemic energy balance and chronic inflammation in obesity are limited. Pharmacological activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) alleviates obesity and insulin resistance in mice; however, Nrf2 inducers are not clinically available owing to safety concerns. Thus, we examined whether dietary glucoraphanin, a stable precursor of the Nrf2 inducer sulforaphane, ameliorates systemic energy balance, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and NAFLD in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Glucoraphanin supplementation attenuated weight gain, decreased hepatic steatosis, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed wild-type mice but not in HFD-fed Nrf2 knockout mice. Compared with vehicle-treated controls, glucoraphanin-treated HFD-fed mice had lower plasma lipopolysaccharide levels and decreased relative abundance of the gram-negative bacteria family Desulfovibrionaceae in their gut microbiomes. In HFD-fed mice, glucoraphanin increased energy expenditure and the protein expression of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) in inguinal and epididymal adipose depots. Additionally, in this group, glucoraphanin attenuated hepatic lipogenic gene expression, lipid peroxidation, classically activated M1-like macrophage accumulation, and inflammatory signaling pathways. By promoting fat browning, limiting metabolic endotoxemia-related chronic inflammation, and modulating redox stress, glucoraphanin may mitigate obesity, insulin resistance, and NAFLD.

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Glucoraphanin Ameliorates Obesity and Insulin Resistance Through Adipose Tissue Browning and Reduction of Metabolic Endotoxemia in Mice

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