Gut-brain axis: A matter of concern in neuropsychiatric disorders…!

Aug 8, 2020Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry

The gut-brain connection and its role in mental health disorders

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Abstract

The gut microbiota influences the central nervous system (CNS) through the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis.

Gastrointestinal microbiota affects gut pathophysiology and CNS function.
Communication along the MGB axis occurs via neuroendocrine, neuroimmune, and autonomic nervous systems mechanisms.
Interactions between gut microbiota and the host brain may contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders.
Research indicates that gut microbiota is involved in the development of brain systems related to stress-related behaviors, such as depression and anxiety.
Modulating the MGB with psychobiotics, prebiotics, and specific diets may offer therapeutic options for neuropsychiatric disorders.

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The gut microbiota is composed of a large number of microbes, usually regarded as commensal bacteria. It has become gradually clear that gastrointestinal microbiota affects gut pathophysiology and the central nervous system (CNS) function by modulating the signaling pathways of the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis. This bidirectional MGB axis communication primarily acts through neuroendocrine, neuroimmune, and autonomic nervous systems (ANS) mechanisms. Accumulating evidence reveals that gut microbiota interacts with the host brain, and its modulation may play a critical role in the pathology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Recently, neuroscience research has established the significance of gut microbiota in the development of brain systems that are essential to stress-related behaviors, including depression and anxiety. Application of modulators of the MGB, such as psychobiotics (e.g., probiotics), prebiotics, and specific diets, may be a promising therapeutic approach for neuropsychiatric disorders. The present review article primarily focuses on the relevant features of the disturbances of the MGB axis in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders and its potential mechanisms.

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Gut-brain axis: A matter of concern in neuropsychiatric disorders…!

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