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Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown variable efficacy in treating colorectal cancer (CRC), influenced by gut microbiota.
- Interindividual variability in ICI responses has been observed in CRC patients.
- Certain bacterial species, like Lactobacillus paracasei and Fusobacterium nucleatum, may affect ICI efficacy through their impact on immune responses.
- Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, could enhance immune function and improve outcomes with ICIs.
- Potential interventions targeting the microbiome include combinations of probiotics and prebiotics, optimized antibiotic use, and refined fecal microbiota transplantation protocols.
- This review synthesizes current evidence to support the development of personalized immunotherapy strategies focused on microbiome modulation.
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