Of 3010 participants, 607 had (CVD), with specific pollutants linked to increased risk.
Air pollutants chloride ion (Cl), nitrate ion (NO), and particulate matter (PM) are each associated with increased risk of CVD.
The three-year mean concentration of Cl is linked to a 1.37-fold risk of CVD.
Nitrate ion (NO) exposure is associated with a 1.03-fold risk of CVD.
Healthier lifestyles may reduce the risk of CVD related to air pollutants, with varying impacts based on lifestyle scores.
For individuals with low, medium, and high healthy lifestyle scores, the risk associated with Cl is 1.34, 1.34, and 1.32 times higher for CVD, respectively.
Simplified
There is increasing evidence that air pollutants significantly increase the risk of (CVD). Nevertheless, less research has been conducted to date to reveal protective factors. Therefore, this study aims to indicate whether a healthy lifestyle can modify the effects of environmental pollution on CVD. This study screened 3010 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) Wave 3 (2015). The study aimed to systematically demonstrate the impact of environmental pollution on CVD and elucidate the role of a healthy lifestyle. Air pollutant data were obtained from the China High Air Pollutant (CHAP) datasets. We analyzed the relationship between these pollutants and cardiovascular disease risk using generalized linear mixed models. In addition, healthy lifestyles were categorized as low, medium, and high; stratified analyses were conducted to estimate the effect of healthy lifestyles on the risk of CVD due to air pollutants. 607 had CVD among 3010 participants, and the three-year mean concentrations of the pollutants chloride ion (Cl), nitrate ion (NO), particulate matter with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less (PM), particulate matter with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less (PM), particulate matter with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less (PM) were each linked 1.37 (95%CI:1.22,1.54), 1.03 (95%CI:1.00,1.06), 1.02 (95%CI:1.01,1.03), 1.01 (95%CI:1.00,1.01), and 1.01 (95%CI:1.00,1.01) fold risk of CVD, respectively. For the subgroups of low, medium, and high according to the in model 2, the average concentration of Cl pollutant was each associated with 1.34 (1.12,1.62), 1.34 (1.12,1.61), and 1.32 (1.03,1.71) times risk with CVD, respectively. The NO was each associated with 1.06 (1.02,1.11), 1.01 (0.97,1.05), and 0.98 (0.93,1.04) times risk with CVD, respectively. The PMwas each associated with 1.03 (1.01,1.05), 1.01 (0.99,1.02), and 1.00 (0.97,1.02) times risk with CVD, respectively. The PMwas each associated with 1.01 (1.00,1.01), 1.01 (0.99,1.01), and 1.00 (0.99,1.01) times risk with CVD, respectively. PMwas each associated with 1.02 (1.01,1.03), 1.00 (0.99,1.01), and 1.00 (0.99,1.01) times risk with CVD, respectively. Exposure to these pollutants(Cl, NO, PM, PM, PM)is associated with higher risk of CVD, and healthier lifestyles can reduce the risk of CVD due to overall air pollutants. ------3 10 1 2.5 3 1 10 2.5 3 10 1 2.5
Key numbers
1.37
Risk Increase Due to Cl Exposure
Odds ratio for associated with chloride ion exposure.
1.32
Risk Increase for High
Odds ratio for associated with Cl exposure in high lifestyle score group.
1.34
Risk Increase for Medium
Odds ratio for associated with Cl exposure in medium lifestyle score group.
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Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The data are openly assessed as microdata at http://opendata.pku.edu.cn/dataverse/ CHARLS, with no direct contact with all participants. According to the Declaration of Helsinki, related norms, and the Medical Ethics Committee, all partners signed an informed consent form and all steps and methods before enrollment. The research was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Wannan Medical College in China(approval number 20240003).
