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The Human SerotoninN-Acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.87) Gene (AANAT): Structure, Chromosomal Localization, and Tissue Expression
The structure, chromosome location, and tissue activity of the human serotonin N-acetyltransferase gene (AANAT)
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Abstract
The human AA-NAT gene spans approximately 2.5 kb and is located at chromosome 17q25.
- AA-NAT is the penultimate enzyme in melatonin synthesis, regulating its production in the pineal gland based on the day/night cycle.
- The open reading frame of the AA-NAT gene encodes a protein that is approximately 80% identical to similar proteins in sheep and rat.
- AA-NAT transcript levels are highest in the pineal gland, with lower expression found in the retina and Y79 retinoblastoma cell line.
- Low levels of AA-NAT mRNA are detected in various brain regions and the pituitary gland, but not in several examined peripheral tissues.
- AA-NAT in the brain and pituitary may influence serotonin-related behaviors and functions.
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