Inulin and metformin ameliorate polycystic ovary syndrome via anti-inflammation and modulating gut microbiota in mice

Body weight and testosterone levels were significantly decreased, while estradiol levels were increased in the inulin and metformin groups.

• Inulin and metformin both improved ovarian morphology in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
• Inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17A were reduced in the inulin and metformin groups.
• The anti-inflammatory effects were associated with an increase in IL-10 levels in the ovaries of the inulin and metformin groups.
• Gut microbiota analysis revealed an increase in Bifidobacterium and a decrease in Proteobacteria, Helicobacter, and Parasutterella in the inulin group.
• Helicobacter levels were also reduced in the metformin group, indicating changes in gut microbiota composition.

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