Funding Support and Author Disclosures The FLOW trial was funded by Novo Nordisk A/S. Dr Tuttle was supported by National Institutes of Health research grants R01MD014712, U2CDK114886, UL1TR002319, U54DK083912, U01DK100846, OT2HL161847, UM1AI109568, and OT2OD032581, as well as by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention project numbers 75D301-21-P-12254 and 75D301-23-C-18264; has received investigator-initiated grant support from Travere, Bayer, Otsuka, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, Benaroya Research Institute, and Breakthrough T1D (formerly the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation); has received consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Bayer, ProKidney, Otsuka, Alnylam, Roche, and GlaxoSmithKline; has received speaker fees from Novo Nordisk, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Travere, and AstraZeneca; has served as Chair of data safety monitoring boards for the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, and George Clinical Institute; has served on the data safety monitoring board for AstraZeneca; has served as Chair for the Diabetic Kidney Disease Collaborative for the American Society of Nephrology and Chair for Kidney Week 2025 Program Committee, both for the American Society of Nephrology; and has served on the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Guideline Committee. Dr Bakris served as a consultant for Novo Nordisk, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, and Bayer Corporation; has received research funding, paid to the University of Chicago Medicine, from Bayer during the conduct of the study; has received research funding, paid to the University of Chicago Medicine, from Novo Nordisk and Vascular Dynamics; has served as a consultant for and received personal fees from Alnylam, Merck, and Relypsa; was an editor of the American Journal of Nephrology, Nephrology, and Hypertension; was a section editor of UpToDate; and was an associate editor of Diabetes Care and Hypertension Research. Drs Baeres, Bang, and Belmar are employees of and shareholders in Novo Nordisk. Dr Bax has participated in trials for Amgen, Eli Lilly, Novartis, and Novo Nordisk; has received consultancy fees from Amgen, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi; and has served as a lecturer for AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly. Dr Musinga is an employee of Excelya; and has served as a consultant for Novo Nordisk. Dr Cherney has received honoraria from AbbVie, Altimmune, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BioBridge, Boehringer Ingelheim-Lilly, Bristol Myers Squibb, CSL Behring, GlaxoSmithKline, Gilead, Inversago, Janssen, Lexicon, Maze, Merck, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, Prometic, Sanofi, Vantage, and Youngene; and has received operational funding for clinical trials from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, CSL Behring, Janssen, Lexicon, Merck, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi. Dr Chernin has received speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi. Dr Lim has received institutional research grant support from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Roche; and during the past 3 years has served as a consultant for Astellas, AstraZeneca, Baxter, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, DKSH, DuoPharma, Fresenius Kabi, Menairini, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, and Sanofi. Dr Mann has received grants from Novo Nordisk; has received consulting fees from Bayer and Novo Nordisk; has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Cytel, ICON, IQVIA, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, and WCG; and has served in a leadership role in the KDIGO group. Dr Perkovic has received honoraria for steering committee, data monitoring committee, or advisory board roles, or for scientific presentations from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chinook, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, Travere, Tricida, and UpToDate; and has served as a board director for George Clinical, St Vincent’s Health Australia, and several independent medical research institutes. Dr Pratley has received speaker fees from Eli Lilly, Lilly USA LLC, and Novo Nordisk; has received consulting fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Corcept Therapeutics, Dexcom, Eli Lilly, Endogenex, Gasherbrum Bio, Genprex, Getz Pharma, Hanmi Pharmaceutical, Hengrui (USA) Ltd, Intas Pharmaceuticals, Lilly USA LLC, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Rivus Pharmaceuticals, Scholar Rock, and Sun Pharmaceutical Industries; and has received research grants from Biomea Fusion, Carmot Therapeutics, Dompe, Eli Lilly, Endogenex, Fractyl, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi, all directed to his institution. Dr Ridker has received institutional research grant support from Amarin, Esperion, Kowa, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Pfizer; during the past 3 years has served as a consultant for Agepha, Arrowhead, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cardio Therapeutics, Civi Biopharm, CSL Behring, Cytokinetics, Eli Lilly, Merck, New Amsterdam, Nodthera, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, SOCAR, and Tourmaline Bio; has minority shareholder equity positions in Angiowave, Bitteroot Bio, and Uppton; and has received compensation for services on the Peter Munk Advisory Board (University of Toronto), the Leducq Foundation, and Paris FR. Dr Rossing has received consulting and/or speaking fees (to his institution) from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi; and has received research grants from AstraZeneca, Bayer, and Novo Nordisk. Dr Schmeider has received grants to his institution from Amgen, Ablative Solution, Bayer, IPPmed, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, and Recor; and has received honoraria as a speaker and advisor from Ablative Solutions, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Lilly, Medtronic, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Recor, Servier, and TAD. Dr Shamkhalova has received speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Sanofi, and Servier. Dr Sreenivasamurthy has received speaker/advisory board fees from Abbott India, Alkem, AstraZeneca, Cipla, Eli Lilly, Eris, IntasJB Pharma, J&J, Lupin, Mankind Pharma, Micro Labs, Servier, Sun Pharma, Torrent Pharma, and USV; and has received investigator/research grants from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi India, Servier, Sun Pharma, and Torrent Pharma. Dr Mahaffey has received grants from the American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, Apple, Bayer, California Institute Regenerative Medicine, CSL Behring, Eidos, Element, Ferring, Gilead, Google (Verify), Idorsia, Johnson & Johnson, Luitpold, Myovant, Novartis, PAC-12, Precordior, Sanifit, and St Jude Medical; has received consulting fees from Applied Therapeutics, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, BridgeBio, Eli Lilly, Elsevier, Fosun Pharma, Human, Johnson & Johnson, Moderna, MyoKardia, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, PhaseBio, Portola, Quidel, and Theravance; and owns equity in Human, Medeloop, Precordior, and Regencor.
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