Association of the “life’s crucial 9” cardiovascular health with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: a national cohort study

Apr 27, 2025Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique

Link between the 'Life's Crucial 9' heart health factors and overall and heart disease deaths in a national study

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Abstract

During a median follow-up of 7.8 years, 2,388 overall deaths were identified among 23,080 adults.

  • A high cardiovascular health score () is associated with a 52% reduction in all-cause mortality risk and a 64% reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk compared to a low score.
  • A moderate cardiovascular health score is linked to a 33% reduction in all-cause mortality and a 49% reduction in CVD mortality risk.
  • High cardiovascular health scores account for 46.0% of all-cause mortality and 75.8% of CVD mortality in the population studied.
  • Elevated blood lipids, high body mass index, and poor sleep quality are significant contributors to all-cause mortality.
  • Nicotine exposure, unhealthy psychological factors, and elevated blood lipids are major contributors to CVD mortality.
  • A negative linear dose-response relationship exists between total LC9 score and both all-cause and CVD mortality.

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Key numbers

52%
Decrease in All-Cause Mortality Risk
Compared to adults with low scores.
46.0%
Population-Attributable Fraction for All-Cause Mortality
Reflects the proportion of all-cause mortality that could be averted.
64%
Decrease in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Risk
Compared to adults with low scores.

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