Molecular and Neural Mechanisms of Temperature Preference Rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster

May 24, 2023Journal of biological rhythms

Molecular and Brain Processes Behind Temperature Preference Rhythms in Fruit Flies

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Abstract

The neuropeptide diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) and its receptor (DH31R) play a role in regulating the (TPR) in small ectotherms.

Temperature influences animal physiology and behavior, with body temperature regulation critical for survival.
Mammals use metabolic and behavioral strategies to maintain body temperature, while small ectotherms like flies rely on environmental temperature.
(BTR) in mammals is linked to the circadian clock and is related to metabolism and sleep.
The temperature preference rhythm (TPR) in flies shows a pattern similar to mammalian BTR, reflecting daily temperature changes.
Neuronal circuits relay ambient temperature information to dorsal neurons, indicating a complex regulatory system for TPR.
Findings suggest that BTR regulation mechanisms may be conserved between mammals and flies.

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Temperature influences animal physiology and behavior. Animals must set an appropriate body temperature to maintain homeostasis and maximize survival. Mammals set their body temperatures using metabolic and behavioral strategies. The daily fluctuation in body temperature is called the (BTR). For example, human body temperature increases during wakefulness and decreases during sleep. BTR is controlled by the circadian clock, is closely linked with metabolism and sleep, and entrains peripheral clocks located in the liver and lungs. However, the underlying mechanisms of BTR are largely unclear. In contrast to mammals, small ectotherms, such as, control their body temperatures by choosing appropriate environmental temperatures. The preferred temperature ofincreases during the day and decreases at night; this pattern is referred to as the (TPR). As flies are small ectotherms, their body temperature is close to that of the surrounding environment. Thus,TPR produces BTR, which exhibits a pattern similar to that of human BTR. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of TPR, including recent studies that describe neuronal circuits relaying ambient temperature information to dorsal neurons (DNs). The neuropeptide diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) and its receptor (DH31R) regulate TPR, and a mammalian homolog of DH31R, the calcitonin receptor (CALCR), also plays an important role in mouse BTR regulation. In addition, both fly TPR and mammalian BTR are separately regulated from another clock output, locomotor activity rhythms. These findings suggest that the fundamental mechanisms of BTR regulation may be conserved between mammals and flies. Furthermore, we discuss the relationships between TPR and other physiological functions, such as sleep. The dissection of the regulatory mechanisms ofTPR could facilitate an understanding of mammalian BTR and the interaction between BTR and sleep regulation. Drosophila Drosophila Drosophila Drosophila

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Molecular and Neural Mechanisms of Temperature Preference Rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster

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