Coupling Neuropeptide Levels to Structural Plasticity in Drosophila Clock Neurons

Jul 4, 2020Current biology : CB

Linking Neuropeptide Levels to Structural Changes in Fruit Fly Body Clock Neurons

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Abstract

Circadian remodeling of axonal projections in Drosophila's PDF neurons is influenced by the PDF neuropeptide.

Axonal arborizations are more complex during the day and simpler at night.
Changes in remodeling depend on the clock present in specific neurons and glia.
Alterations to PDF cycling in the dorsal protocerebrum correlate with impaired axonal remodeling.
PDF released from both small and large LNvs contributes to the remodeling process.
Terminal remodeling requires local PDF receptor signaling through a specific ion channel.
Clock-dependent PDF signaling shapes neuronal connectivity on a daily basis.

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We have previously reported that pigment dispersing factor (PDF) neurons, which are essential in the control of rest-activity cycles in Drosophila, undergo circadian remodeling of their axonal projections, a phenomenon called circadian structural plasticity. Axonal arborizations display higher complexity during the day and become simpler at night, and this remodeling involves changes in the degree of connectivity. This phenomenon depends on the clock present within the ventrolateral neurons (LNvs) as well as in glia. In this work, we characterize in detail the contribution of the PDF neuropeptide to structural plasticity at different times across the day. Using diverse genetic strategies to temporally restrict its downregulation, we demonstrate that even subtle alterations to PDF cycling at the dorsal protocerebrum correlate with impaired remodeling, underscoring its relevance for the characteristic morning spread; PDF released from the small LNvs (sLNvs) and the large LNvs (lLNvs) contribute to the process. Moreover, forced depolarization recruits activity-dependent mechanisms to mediate growth only at night, overcoming the restriction imposed by the clock on membrane excitability. Interestingly, the active process of terminal remodeling requires PDF receptor (PDFR) signaling acting locally through the cyclic-nucleotide-gated channel ion channel subunit A (CNGA). Thus, clock-dependent PDF signaling shapes the connectivity of these essential clock neurons on daily basis.

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Coupling Neuropeptide Levels to Structural Plasticity in Drosophila Clock Neurons

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