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A Noradrenergic Sensitive Endogenous Clock Is Present in the Rat Pineal Gland
A natural internal clock in the rat pineal gland responds to noradrenaline
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Abstract
Sustained rhythms of Per2, Bmal1, and Rev-erbα gene expression were observed for up to 48 hours in cultured rat pineal glands.
- Endogenous oscillations of Per1, Per2, Bmal1, and Rev-erbα genes occur in rat pineal explants.
- Rhythmic expression of Per2, Bmal1, and Rev-erbα genes resembles patterns found in vivo.
- Per1 and Aa-nat expression levels decreased significantly after 24 hours in culture.
- Isoproterenol, an adrenergic agonist, increased mRNA levels of Per1 and Aa-nat temporarily.
- Only Per1 expression was responsive to adrenergic stimulation, indicating selective synchronization by adrenergic input.
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