A systematic review of participant diversity in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy trials

A total of 1,034 participants were included in 21 randomized controlled trials of psychedelic-assisted therapies.

• Gender was reported in 100% of the studies, while race or ethnicity was reported in 76%.
• Socioeconomic status was reported sometimes (57%), but sexual orientation (9.5%) and immigration status (4.8%) were rarely noted.
• No studies reported on gender identity.
• Black/African-American participants (2.2%) and Hispanic/Latino participants (7.2%) were significantly underrepresented compared to their population proportions.
• MDMA trials included more diverse participant samples than psilocybin trials.
• Analyses of treatment effects based on demographic variables were virtually nonexistent.

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