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Abstract
Melatonin is associated with 24 minutes longer daytime sleep after shifts compared to placebo.
- Low-quality evidence suggests melatonin does not lead to faster sleep onset compared to placebo.
- No association was found between hypnotics like zopiclone and improvements in sleep outcomes or alertness.
- Armodafinil and modafinil are linked to improved alertness during shift work.
- Use of armodafinil and modafinil is also associated with side effects, including headache and nausea.
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