Probiotics and the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegeneration: Beneficial effects and mechanistic insights

Jun 6, 2024Life sciences

Probiotics and the gut-brain system in neurodegeneration: helpful effects and how they work

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Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) pose a significant socioeconomic burden, prompting exploration of microbiome-based therapies.

Pharmacotherapy for NDs may diminish dopaminergic outcomes over extended use.
The gut microbiome's interaction with the brain presents various targets for ND treatment.
Probiotics are recognized for their potential to alter gut microbiota and influence neurodegeneration.
Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of the gut-brain axis and the clinical benefits of probiotics.
This review emphasizes the role of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics in addressing neurodegenerative pathology.

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Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a group of heterogeneous disorders with a high socioeconomic burden. Although pharmacotherapy is currently the principal therapeutic approach for the management of NDs, mounting evidence supports the notion that the protracted application of available drugs would abate their dopaminergic outcomes in the long run. The therapeutic application of microbiome-based modalities has received escalating attention in biomedical works. In-depth investigations of the bidirectional communication between the microbiome in the gut and the brain offer a multitude of targets for the treatment of NDs or maximizing the patient's quality of life. Probiotic administration is a well-known microbial-oriented approach to modulate the gut microbiota and potentially influence the process of neurodegeneration. Of note, there is a strong need for further investigation to map out the mechanistic prospects for the gut-brain axis and the clinical efficacy of probiotics. In this review, we discuss the importance of microbiome modulation and hemostasis via probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics and synbiotics in ameliorating pathological neurodegenerative events. Also, we meticulously describe the underlying mechanism of action of probiotics and their metabolites on the gut-brain axis in different NDs. We suppose that the present work will provide a functional direction for the use of probiotic-based modalities in promoting current practical treatments for the management of neurodegenerative-related diseases.

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Probiotics and the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegeneration: Beneficial effects and mechanistic insights

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