Wheel-running activity modulates circadian organization and the daily rhythm of eating behavior

Mar 14, 2014Frontiers in psychology

Exercise changes daily body clock and eating patterns

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Abstract

Wheel-running activity delayed the phase of the liver rhythm by 4 hours in mice fed either chow or high-fat diet.

Consumption of a high-fat diet changes the daily pattern of eating and circadian organization in mice.
Voluntary wheel-running activity counteracts the negative effects of a high-fat diet on circadian rhythms.
Mice with access to a running wheel showed less disruption in the daily rhythm of eating behavior compared to those without.
The modulation of liver rhythm phase by wheel-running activity is not observed in an enriched environment lacking a running wheel.
These findings suggest that wheel-running activity influences both liver rhythms and eating patterns in mice.

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Consumption of high-fat diet acutely alters the daily rhythm of eating behavior and circadian organization (the phase relationship between oscillators in central and peripheral tissues) in mice. Voluntary wheel-running activity counteracts the obesogenic effects of high-fat diet and also modulates circadian rhythms in mice. In this study, we sought to determine whether voluntary wheel-running activity could prevent the proximate effects of high-fat diet consumption on circadian organization and behavioral rhythms in mice. Mice were housed with locked or freely rotating running wheels and fed chow or high-fat diet for 1 week and rhythms of locomotor activity, eating behavior, and molecular timekeeping (PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE luminescence rhythms) in ex vivo tissues were measured. Wheel-running activity delayed the phase of the liver rhythm by 4 h in both chow- and high-fat diet-fed mice. The delayed liver phase was specific to wheel-running activity since an enriched environment without the running wheel did not alter the phase of the liver rhythm. In addition, wheel-running activity modulated the effect of high-fat diet consumption on the daily rhythm of eating behavior. While high-fat diet consumption caused eating events to be more evenly dispersed across the 24 h-day in both locked-wheel and wheel-running mice, the effect of high-fat diet was much less pronounced in wheel-running mice. Together these data demonstrate that wheel-running activity is a salient factor that modulates liver phase and eating behavior rhythms in both chow- and high-fat-diet fed mice. Wheel-running activity in mice is both a source of exercise and a self-motivating, rewarding behavior. Understanding the putative reward-related mechanisms whereby wheel-running activity alters circadian rhythms could have implications for human obesity since palatable food and exercise may modulate similar reward circuits.

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Wheel-running activity modulates circadian organization and the daily rhythm of eating behavior

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