The relationship between chronotype, insomnia and depressive symptoms in Chinese male prisoners

May 22, 2025BMC psychiatry

How Sleep Timing, Insomnia, and Depression Are Linked in Chinese Male Prisoners

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Abstract

The prevalence of morning type (MT), neutral type (NT), and evening type (ET) among male prisoners was 47.2%, 46.7%, and 6.1%, respectively.

  • Being an evening type is significantly associated with younger age and higher levels of and depression.
  • The risk of depression is nearly three times higher for evening types compared to morning types.
  • Insomnia partially mediates the relationship between and depression.
  • The direct effect of chronotype on depression is significant, accounting for 50.51% of the total effect.

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Key numbers

2.970Γ—
Relative Risk of Depression Increase
Risk of depression for evening types compared to morning types.
6.1%
Prevalence of Evening
Proportion of male prisoners classified as evening type.
41.8%
Incidence of Clinically Significant Depression
Percentage of evening types reporting significant .

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