Circadian Genomics Reveal a Role for Post-transcriptional Regulation in Mammals

Oct 11, 2014Biochemistry

Daily body clock genes show that regulation after gene activation plays a role in mammals

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Abstract

Circadian clock regulation involves thousands of mRNAs and proteins to maintain daily cycles.

Circadian rhythms require precise timing in mRNA and protein expression.
Post-transcriptional regulation plays a significant role in determining protein levels after mRNA production.
This regulation allows cells to adjust protein levels quickly without needing to create new transcripts.
The contribution of circadian post-transcriptional mechanisms to overall gene expression remains unclear.
New insights from circadian genomics highlight the complexity of rhythmic regulation in mammals.

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To maintain daily cycles, the circadian clock must tightly regulate the rhythms of thousands of mRNAs and proteins with the correct period, phase, and amplitude to ultimately drive the wide range of rhythmic biological processes. Recent genomic approaches have revolutionized our view of circadian gene expression and highlighted the importance of post-transcriptional regulation in driving mRNA rhythmicity. Even after transcripts are made from DNA, subsequent processing and regulatory steps determine when, where, and how much protein will be generated. These post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms can add flexibility to overall gene expression and alter protein levels rapidly without requiring transcript synthesis and are therefore beneficial for cells; however, the extent to which circadian post-transcriptional mechanisms contribute to rhythmic profiles throughout the genome and the mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we will summarize how circadian genomics have revealed new insights into rhythmic post-transcriptional regulation in mammals and discuss potential implications of such regulation in controlling many circadian-driven physiologies.

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Circadian Genomics Reveal a Role for Post-transcriptional Regulation in Mammals

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