Circadian rhythms and the gut microbiome synchronize the host’s metabolic response to diet

The gut microbiome and the molecular circadian clock may work together to enhance metabolic responses to environmental challenges.

• The gut microbiome helps the host by breaking down nutrients that the host cannot digest and producing metabolites that aid in metabolism.
• Cellular circadian clocks adjust an organism's physiology in response to environmental factors by regulating the timing of metabolic processes.
• Host-microbe interactions are affected by the quality and timing of diet, as well as light/dark cycles that regulate circadian rhythms.
• These systems may jointly influence neural processing, metabolism, fat formation, inflammation, and the development of diseases.
• The review discusses how these interactions relate to obesity and energy balance, and suggests future research directions and potential therapies.

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