Circadian Rhythms in Anticancer Immunity: Mechanisms and Treatment Opportunities

Jun 28, 2024Annual review of immunology

Daily Body Clocks and Cancer-Fighting Immune Responses: How They Work and Possible Treatments

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Abstract

Circadian rhythms are important modulators of the immune system and may influence antitumor immunity.

Circadian rhythms of approximately 24 hours are linked to both innate and adaptive immune responses.
Recent findings suggest that these rhythms play a central role in antitumor immunity in both mice and humans.
The literature highlights mechanisms that control circadian antitumor immune responses.
Chrono-immunotherapies are treatment regimens designed to optimize efficacy by utilizing time-of-day differences in immunity.
This knowledge may enhance understanding of immune responses and improve approaches to cancer treatment.

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Circadian rhythms of approximately 24 h have emerged as important modulators of the immune system. These oscillations are important for mounting short-term, innate immune responses, but surprisingly also long-term, adaptive immune responses. Recent data indicate that they play a central role in antitumor immunity, in both mice and humans. In this review, we discuss the evolving literature on circadian antitumor immune responses and the underlying mechanisms that control them. We further provide an overview of circadian treatment regimens-chrono-immunotherapies-that harness time-of-day differences in immunity for optimal efficacy. Our aim is to provide an overview for researchers and clinicians alike, for a better understanding of the circadian immune system and how to best harness it for chronotherapeutic interventions. This knowledge is important for a better understanding of immune responses per se and could revolutionize the way we approach the treatment of cancer and a range of other diseases, ultimately improving clinical practice.

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Circadian Rhythms in Anticancer Immunity: Mechanisms and Treatment Opportunities

Abstract

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