Dietary Anthocyanin Intake, Genetic Risk, and Incident Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Cohort Study

Sep 30, 2024Phytotherapy research : PTR

Intake of Anthocyanin-Rich Foods, Genetic Risk, and New Cases of Ulcerative Colitis

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Abstract

Higher dietary anthocyanin intake is associated with a 35% reduced risk of ulcerative colitis (UC).

Data from 188,044 -free individuals were analyzed over a mean follow-up of 9.7 years.
Participants in the highest quartile of anthocyanin intake had a 24% reduced risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Individuals with high anthocyanin intake experienced a 35% reduced risk of UC compared to those with the lowest intake.
No significant association was found between anthocyanin intake and Crohn's disease (CD).
The protective effect of on UC risk may be influenced by genetic susceptibility.

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evidence from animal experiments indicates that anthocyanin supplements can contribute to intestinal health. Nevertheless, no evidence has linked dietary to the prevention potential against (IBD) in humans. We leveraged data from 188,044 IBD-free individuals (mean age 59 years; 55.2% females) from the prospective cohort UK Biobank. The anthocyanin intake was estimated using dietary information from validated 24 h dietary recalls. Incident IBD was ascertained via national health-related records. Genetic susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) was estimated by polygenic risk scores and further categorized into low- and high-risk groups by median value. The Cox proportional regression model was applied to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During the mean follow-up of 9.7 years, we documented 255 CD and 606 UC. We found that compared with participants with the lowest quartiles of anthocyanin intake, those in the highest quartiles were associated with 24% (95% CI 6%-38%, p = 0.012; p-trend = 0.003) and 35% (95% CI 16%-49%, p = 0.001; p-trend < 0.001) reduced risk of IBD and UC, respectively. The inverse associations were stronger (p-interaction = 0.022) among individuals with a high genetic risk of UC. We did not observe a significant association between anthocyanin intake and CD (p-trend = 0.536). Higher dietary anthocyanin intake was associated with reduced risk of IBD and UC, but not CD. Genetic factors may modify the influence of dietary anthocyanin on UC susceptibility, and possible mechanisms need to be further elucidated in the future.

Key numbers

24%

Decrease in Risk

Comparison of highest vs. lowest quartile of anthocyanin intake.

35%

Lower Risk of UC

Compared to participants with the lowest quartiles of anthocyanin intake.

263%

Genetic Risk Interaction

Joint association of genetic risk and dietary anthocyanin intake.

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Dietary Anthocyanin Intake, Genetic Risk, and Incident Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Cohort Study

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