Immune and Gut Bacteria Changes in the Intestinal Layers of Crohn’s Disease Patients

A distinct profile of cytokines was observed across the ileal layers of Crohn's disease patients compared to healthy individuals.

• Significant differences in cytokines IL1-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, and others were found between Crohn's disease and healthy ileal layers.
• A different distribution of cytokines, including IFN-γ and IL-27, was noted between patients undergoing first surgery and those experiencing relapse.
• The phylum Tenericutes and the family Ruminococcaceae were significantly enriched in the ileal microbiota of patients with Crohn's disease.
• Marked differences in microbiota composition between relapse and first surgery patients were observed, particularly in the class Bacteroidia and genera such as Prevotella and Flavobacterium.
• The abundance of the genus Mycoplasma was positively correlated with the cytokine IL-18 in the context of Crohn's disease.

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