Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on adipose tissue: histological, metabolic, and gene expression analyses in mice fed a high-fat diet

Oct 23, 2025Scientific reports

Omega-3 fatty acids' effects on fat tissue structure, metabolism, and gene activity in mice on a high-fat diet

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Abstract

Omega-3 fatty acids improved serum lipid profiles and glucose metabolism without significant changes in body weight or energy intake.

  • n-3 fatty acids were evaluated in male C57BL/6 mice on a high-fat diet over 12 weeks.
  • Prdm16 expression was significantly higher in the group receiving 1.2% omega-3 fatty acids.
  • Histological analysis revealed that omega-3 fatty acids prevented the whitening of brown and promoted the browning of white adipose tissue.
  • Ucp1 immunoreactivity was significantly lower in the high-fat diet group compared to the control group.
  • These findings indicate that omega-3 fatty acids may exert protective effects on adipose tissue at genetic, biochemical, and histological levels.

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Key numbers

Higher in the 1.2% HFD group vs. control
Increased Prdm16 Expression
Prdm16 gene expression measured in brown .
Body weight changes not significant among groups
No Significant Body Weight Change
Body weight changes recorded over 12 weeks.
Notable improvements in biochemical markers observed
Improved Serum Lipid Profiles
Biochemical parameters analyzed included glucose and lipid levels.

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