Lactucin and lactucopicrin ameliorate obesity in high-fat diet fed mice by promoting white adipose tissue browning through the activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway

Lactucin and lactucopicrin significantly decreased body weight and adipose tissue weights in high-fat diet obese mice.

• Treatment with lactucin and lactucopicrin improved serum metabolic parameters and increased irisin levels.
• A reduction in the levels of 12-α-OH/non-12-α-OH bile acids was observed with lactucin and lactucopicrin treatment.
• The treatment tended to enhance levels of short-chain fatty acids.
• Elevated expression levels of genes related to beige fat markers, thermogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and lipolysis were noted in white adipose tissue.
• In brown adipose tissue, genes associated with thermogenesis and lipolysis were also up-regulated.
• Lactucin and lactucopicrin improved the composition and function of intestinal microbiota in high-fat diet obese mice.

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