Long-term high-concentrate diet feeding induces apoptosis of rumen epithelial cells and inflammation of rumen epithelium in dairy cows

High-concentrate diet feeding increased lipopolysaccharide levels in rumen fluid and induced inflammatory responses in dairy cows.

• Long-term high-concentrate diet led to a significant decrease in rumen fluid pH compared to a low-concentrate diet.
• mRNA levels of proinflammatory markers were elevated in the rumen epithelium of cows fed a high-concentrate diet.
• Increased protein levels of phosphorylated NF-κB p65, IL-6, and TNF-α were observed in cows on a high-concentrate diet.
• The abundance of pro-apoptotic proteins was greater in the rumen epithelium of cows fed high-concentrate diet compared to low-concentrate diet.
• Conversely, levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 were lower in the high-concentrate diet group.

AI simplified