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A high-concentrate diet provokes inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis in mammary tissue of dairy cows through the upregulation of STIM1/ORAI1
A high-concentrate diet may cause inflammation, cell stress, and cell death in dairy cow mammary tissue by increasing STIM1/ORAI1 levels
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Abstract
High-concentrate feeding significantly increased blood lipopolysaccharide levels and decreased ruminal pH in dairy cows.
- The high-concentrate diet led to higher concentrations of calcium and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.
- Increased enzyme activities of caspase-3, caspase-9, protein kinase C (PKC), and IκB kinase (IKK) were observed with high-concentrate feeding.
- Activation of the STIM1/ORAI1-mediated inflammatory signaling pathway was indicated by upregulation of specific proteins in the high-concentrate group.
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress was induced by the high-concentrate diet, shown by increased levels of stress-related proteins like GRP78 and CHOP.
- The high-concentrate diet was associated with increased expression of apoptosis markers, while Bcl-2 levels were significantly decreased.
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