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Overfeeding with a high-concentrate diet activates the NOD1-NF-κB signalling pathway in the mammary gland of mid-lactating dairy cows
Overfeeding high-energy food may activate immune signaling in the milk-producing glands of mid-lactation dairy cows
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Abstract
High-concentrate diet feeding resulted in a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lacteal vein of dairy cows.
- Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) was triggered by a high-concentrate diet in mid-lactating dairy cows.
- Rumen pH decreased and γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) concentrations increased in cows fed a high-concentrate diet.
- Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were significantly higher in the lacteal vein of high-concentrate diet cows.
- mRNA expression levels of genes associated with inflammation, including NOD1, IL-1β, and TNF-α, were up-regulated in the mammary gland of cows on a high-concentrate diet.
- Protein levels of NOD1 and components of the NF-κB signaling pathway mirrored the changes observed in gene expression.
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