Protein is a crucial macronutrient for muscle growth, repair, and optimal performance. Conventional sources such as whey and casein dominate the nutrition industry; however, concerns about their environmental impact, resource-intensive production, and digestibility necessitate the exploration of alternative protein sources. Edible insects are a highly sustainable and nutrient-dense option, delivering complete proteins with all essential amino acids, a high bioavailability of micronutrients, and favorable digestion kinetics. Comparative studies suggest that insect-derived proteins exhibit protein efficiency ratios and digestibility scores comparable to those of traditional proteins, making them viable for muscle synthesis and post-exercise recovery. However, several challenges hinder the widespread adoption of insect proteins as supplements. The bioactive peptides and specific metabolic pathways governing insect protein absorption remain underexplored compared to extensively studied whey proteins. Additionally, allergenicity profiles and potential immunogenic responses require rigorous evaluation to ensure product safety. Consumer reluctance, shaped by cultural biases and limited exposure, further impedes market integration in the region. Moreover, regulatory inconsistencies across global food safety frameworks complicate the commercialization process. Additionally, evaluating their role in muscle protein synthesis, endurance enhancement, and post-exercise recovery will determine their efficacy as sustainable alternatives in strength- and muscle-building regimens. This review explores the nutritional composition of edible insects, their environmental benefits, and their potential health risks. It also compares insect proteins with traditional sources, examines their role in muscle growth, highlights innovative insect-based products, and discusses consumer acceptance and market perspectives. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
