Novel Treatment Strategies for the Nervous System: Circadian Clock Genes, Non-coding RNAs, and Forkhead Transcription Factors

Mar 21, 2018Current neurovascular research

New Treatment Approaches Targeting Body Clock Genes, Non-coding RNAs, and Key Gene Regulators in the Nervous System

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Abstract

Circadian clock genes, non-coding RNAs, and FoxOs may limit cognitive loss and prevent neuronal injury in neurodegenerative disorders.

Circadian clock genes are essential for modulating autophagy, which is involved in cellular cleanup processes.
Non-coding RNAs can influence the development and differentiation of neuronal stem cells and may provide protection against conditions like atherosclerosis.
FoxOs could block neuronal cell death and activate autophagy pathways to eliminate harmful substances in neurons.
These pathways are linked to programmed cell death processes and common regulators like SIRT1 and mTOR.

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BACKGROUND: With the global increase in lifespan expectancy, neurodegenerative disorders continue to affect an ever-increasing number of individuals throughout the world. New treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases are desperately required given the lack of current treatment modalities.

METHODS: Here, we examine novel strategies for neurodegenerative disorders that include circadian clock genes, non-coding Ribonucleic Acids (RNAs), and the mammalian forkhead transcription factors of the O class (FoxOs).

RESULTS: Circadian clock genes, non-coding RNAs, and FoxOs offer exciting prospects to potentially limit or remove the significant disability and death associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Each of these pathways has an intimate relationship with the programmed death pathways of autophagy and apoptosis and share a common link to the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1) and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Circadian clock genes are necessary to modulate autophagy, limit cognitive loss, and prevent neuronal injury. Non-coding RNAs can control neuronal stem cell development and neuronal differentiation and offer protection against vascular disease such as atherosclerosis. FoxOs provide exciting prospects to block neuronal apoptotic death and to activate pathways of autophagy to remove toxic accumulations in neurons that can lead to neurodegenerative disorders.

CONCLUSION: Continued work with circadian clock genes, non-coding RNAs, and FoxOs can offer new prospects and hope for the development of vital strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. These innovative investigative avenues have the potential to significantly limit disability and death from these devastating disorders.

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Novel Treatment Strategies for the Nervous System: Circadian Clock Genes, Non-coding RNAs, and Forkhead Transcription Factors

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