BACKGROUND: Recent evidences highlight the potential impact of outdoor Light at Night (LAN) on executive function. However, few studies have investigated the association between outdoor LAN exposure and executive function.
METHODS: We employed data from 48,502 Chinese children aged 5-12 years in a cross-sectional study conducted in Guangdong province during 2020-2021, to examine the association between outdoor LAN and executive function assessed using the validated parent-completed Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. We assessed children's outdoor LAN exposure using the night-time satellite images based on the residential addresses. We used generalized linear mixed models to estimate the association between outdoor LAN exposure and executive function scores and executive dysfunction.
RESULTS: After adjusting for potential covariates, higher quintiles of outdoor LAN exposure were associated with poorer executive function. Compared to the lowest quintile (Q1), all higher quintiles of exposure showed a significant increased global executive composite (GEC) score with β (95% confidence intervals, CI) of 0.58 (0.28, 0.88) in Q2, 0.59 (0.28, 0.9) in Q3, 0.85 (0.54, 1.16) in Q4, and 0.76 (0.43, 1.09) in Q5. Higher quintiles of exposure were also associated with higher risks for GEC dysfunction with odd ratios (ORs) (95% CI) of 1.34 (1.18, 1.52) in Q2, 1.40 (1.24, 1.59) in Q3, 1.40 (1.23, 1.59) in Q4, and 1.39 (1.22, 1.58) in Q5. And stronger associations were observed in children aged 10-12 years.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that high outdoor LAN exposure was associated with poor executive function in children. These findings suggested that future studies should determine whether interventions to reduce outdoor LAN exposure can have a positive effect on executive function.
