Role of juvenile hormone receptor Methoprene-tolerant 1 in silkworm larval brain development and domestication

Sep 2, 2021Zoological research

Role of the juvenile hormone receptor Methoprene-tolerant 1 in silkworm larval brain growth and domestication

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Abstract

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the juvenile hormone receptor led to developmental retardation in the silkworm brain.

Changes in the larval brain morphology and behavior have been observed during the domestication of the silkworm.
Ecdysteroid signaling pathways were overactivated in the mutant cuticle but not in the brain.
Signaling pathways related to cell growth and specialization were suppressed in the brain of the knockout larvae.
An amino acid change under positive selection was identified in the juvenile hormone receptor, which weakened its binding activity.
Comparative transcriptomic analyses suggest a potential pathway involving tyrosine metabolism that may influence brain development and domestication in silkworms.

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The insect brain is the central part of the neurosecretory system, which controls morphology, physiology, and behavior during the insect's lifecycle. Lepidoptera are holometabolous insects, and their brains develop during the larval period and metamorphosis into the adult form. As the only fully domesticated insect, the Lepidoptera silkwormexperienced changes in larval brain morphology and certain behaviors during the domestication process. Hormonal regulation in insects is a key factor in multiple processes. However, how juvenile hormone (JH) signals regulate brain development in Lepidoptera species, especially in the larval stage, remains elusive. We recently identified the JH receptor() as a putative domestication gene. How artificial selection onimpacts brain and behavioral domestication is another important issue addressing Darwin's theory on domestication. Here, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout ofcaused developmental retardation in the brain, unlike precocious pupation of the cuticle. At the whole transcriptome level, the ecdysteroid (20-hydroxyecdysone, 20E) signaling and downstream pathways were overactivated in the mutant cuticle but not in the brain. Pathways related to cell proliferation and specialization processes, such as extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and tyrosine metabolism pathways, were suppressed in the brain. Molecular evolutionary analysis andassay identified an amino acid replacement located in a novel motif under positive selection in., which decreased transcriptional binding activity. TheMET1 protein showed a changed structure and dynamic features, as well as a weakened co-expression gene network, compared with.. Based on comparative transcriptomic analyses, we proposed a pathway downstream of JH signaling (i.e., tyrosine metabolism pathway) that likely contributed to silkworm larval brain development and domestication and highlighted the importance of the biogenic amine system in larval evolution during silkworm domestication. Bombyx mori Methoprene tolerant1Met1Met1Bombyx Met1in vitro B mori B. mori B mandarina

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Role of juvenile hormone receptor Methoprene-tolerant 1 in silkworm larval brain development and domestication

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